Introduction to Project Management
• It
is a part of project management in which software projects are planned,
implemented, monitored, and controlled.
What is a Project?
• A
project is a set of tasks that must be completed within a defined
timeline to accomplish a
specific set of goals.
• These
tasks are completed by a group of people known as the project
team, which is led by a project manager,
• planning, scheduling, tracking
and successful completion of
projects.
Project phases
• The project
life cycle is broken down into five project management phases
•
initiation,
•
planning,
•
execution,
•
monitoring,
•
Closure.
What Is the Project
Life Cycle?
The project life cycle is a five-phase
framework project managers
use to guide their projects to completion.
all project stages, from inception to final
implementation, and describes
what the team must achieve during each phase.
•
Initiation: Define
the project’s scope,
cost,
feasibility, goals,
timeline, and success
criteria.
•
Planning: Create a project roadmap
or detailed action plan that
outlines the tasks needed to complete the project.
•
Execution:
Carry
out the work to complete the product, service, or result. Ensure your team has all the necessary resources, tools, and
instructions.
•
Monitoring and controlling: Monitor the progress
and performance of your team and project to identify any deviations from the
plan or quality issues so you can make changes accordingly.
•
Closure: Close the project, sign any outstanding contracts, pay vendors,
conduct a post-project review, and identify how to improve next time.
•
Initiation phase
•
Planning phase
•
break your project into smaller tasks,
• set milestones and deadlines,
• create detailed plans for resources, schedules, tools, and task assignments.
•
Project management plan:
•
Risk plan:
•
Financial plan:
•
Resource plan:
•
Communication plan:
•
Quality plan:
•
Execution phase
• implement the project plan and complete
the project deliverables.
•
Monitoring and controlling phase
• track project
progress and make adjustments
to ensure the project stays on track.
•
Closure phase
• Projects have a defined
end, unlike ongoing operations.
• This is the closure
phase, where final
tasks like delivering results, or ensuring proper storage and
accessibility of documentation are completed.
Project Organization
• The term project organization refers to the style of
coordination, communication, and management the project team uses throughout a
project lifecycle.
• Project managers use project organization to align team members before and during a project.
Organizational Structure in Project Management
• organizational structure is used to determine the hierarchy and authority of people involved in a specific project.
• The structure defines each team member’s function and the reporting lines on a chart.
Types of Project Organizational Structures
• functional
• matrix
• projectized.
Functional Project Organizational Structure
•
its hierarchy around
traditionally functioning departments.
• A functional manager heads each department and reports to an executive.
•
These functional managers — not other staff
— coordinate the project, and they select team members from each department
to support the project, in addition to their functional responsibilities.
•
Examples of functions within a company
are:
•
Advertising
•
Engineering
•
Human Resources
•
Manufacturing
Projectized Organizational Structure
• A projectized or project-based organizational structure creates a dedicated project
division within an organization.
• The project coordination operates vertically
under this division.
• project’s budget, schedule, and the project team
• Project managers maintain
sole authority for the project and are assigned dedicated
staffs who work toward project goals.
Matrix Organizational Structure
• A
matrix organizational structure is
set up on a grid to demonstrate staff reporting patterns to more than one authority.
• It is a hybrid of functional and projectized
organizational structures, and project managers share authority with other program managers in this structure.
• The key challenge with a matrix organization is that every employee has two (or more)
managers they report to, their Functional Manager and the Project Manager. If
they are working on multiple projects, they may have even more managers to
report to.
• Depending
on the decision-making capacity of the project manager, a matrix structure is one of three subtypes: weak,
balanced, or strong.
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